生態物流的 8 大原則

最後一哩路運送所排放的溫室氣體，佔整個物流供應鏈的四分之一，而且其效率通常很低。最後一哩路的運送可以改用非機動車輛，且應鼓勵物流業者採用電動運具，以提高城市貨運系統的效率和成果。道路運輸的低排放選項也包含水路和城市鐵路，這兩者皆能減少排放。

Last mile deliveries account for one quarter of logistics supply chain emissions and are often inefficient. These deliveries can be shifted to sustainable delivery options using non-motorized vehicles, and the use of electric vans should be promoted to improve efficiency and performance of the urban freight system. Low-emission alternatives to road transport, such as waterways and urban rail can also reduce emissions.

城市運具中的重型卡車，是絕大多數的交通傷害和人員傷亡的主因。一個綜合考量安全運具、車速、街道和道路行為的計畫能大幅降低道路事故發生的可能性。政府可以立法推行一套針對物流運載工具和車隊配送營運的安全系統，同時提高駕駛標準並確保其符合規範、提供特定主題的培訓課程、並在共享車道處降低行車限速，以保護弱勢的用路族群。

Delivery vehicles, in particular heavy trucks, are disproportionately responsible for traffic injuries and fatalities. A comprehensive program for safer vehicles, speeds, streets and behaviors can reduce the likelihood of road crashes. Governments can enforce a safe system for vehicles and fleet operations, raise driving standards and ensure compliance, provide targeted training and reduce speed limits to protect vulnerable road users where infrastructure must be shared.

若沒有跨越公私部門的利害關係人積極參與和支持，永續的城市貨運難以實現。政府應積極辦理各種城市貨運圓桌會議和論壇，為特定議題進行討論和協商。

Sustainable urban freight is difficult to achieve without the active engagement and support of stakeholders in both public and private sectors. Urban freight roundtables and forums should be established for efficient and targeted discussions and negotiations.

在當今數據蒐集科技的輔助下，城市貨運服務業者可以藉以優化配送路徑，採用車輛遠程信息系統，追蹤監控配送駕駛狀況以及提供培訓來改善配送營運模式。政府亦能善用數據來了解城市貨運活動並做出完善的決策。

With ever-improving data collection technologies, urban freight service providers can use services such as route optimization, telematics for vehicles, driver monitoring and training to improve delivery operations. Governments can use collected data to understand the freight movement in their cities and make informed decisions.

整合都市計畫以促進城市貨運發展都市計畫通常以地區尺度，訂定綜合土地使用分區計畫與要點。城市政策制定者應將物流政策與規範納入都市計畫。此外，土地使用分區管制要點內容也應考量物流業者實務作業的路緣空間需求，如等候、貨物裝卸區以及共享集運等因素。

Land use is generally planned and implemented at the local level, using the comprehensive plan, zoning code and permitting system. City policymakers should introduce policies and rules for the movement of goods into urban planning. Land use planning policies should take into account the management of curb space for freight vehicles, waiting and loading/unloading bays and shared use for deliveries.

共同集散貨可以提高負載利用率，並可以減少貨車數量和配送公里數。小型城市集貨中心可以搭配電動車和配送自行車，以提高城市貨運的價格競爭力和能源效率。政府能確立一系列合適的籌資模式，並提供足夠的基礎設施，以完善集貨和配送的集散作業流程。

Consolidation allows for improved load utilization and can reduce delivery vehicle numbers and kilometers. Small urban consolidation centers, in combination with electric vehicles and cargo bikes, can increase urban delivery cost- and energy-efficiency. Governments can identify suitable funding models and provide adequate infrastructure for appropriate consolidation and distribution activities.

新的商業模式和創新科技可能翻轉貨運產業的營運模式。政策制定者應導入新的規範、訂價誘因 以及採購政策，以鼓勵產業採用低排放運具，並建創造永續政策框架，使貨運業者朝向氣候友善 的商業模式發展。

New business models and technological innovations may radically change the way the freight industry operates. Policy makers should introduce regulatory and pricing incentives and procurement policies to support the use of low emission vehicles and create frameworks that enable freight operators to move toward climate-friendly business models.

科技的進步能協助廠商與消費者達成商品的即時交付。政府應善用溝通管道與平台宣傳，使大眾認識不同配送選擇對環境的各種影響，並鼓勵消費者改變選擇送貨的行為。政府應該提供物流工作的相關培訓計劃，以提高貨運部門的社會形象。

Advances in technology make just-in-time deliveries for many commercial establishments and consumers possible. Governments should use communications channels and campaigns to raise awareness of the impact of delivery options and encourage consumer behavior change. Governments should also set up training programs for logistics jobs to raise the profile of the freight sector.